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CAS : 56-81-5
formula : C3H8O3
molecular weight : 92.09
boiling point : 290 ° C
melting point : 18-183 ° C
Chinese name : glycerol
Glycerol
1,2,3 - Glycerol
glyceride
glycerol, glycerin
English title : Glycerin
Glycerol
1,2,3 - trihydroxypropane
technical glycerine
glycerin mist
glycerin, anhydrous
traits Description : transparent colorless liquid viscosity. Maturity is hygroscopicity, combustible. The temperature of 17.8 ° C (18.17 ° C, 20 ° C). The boiling point of 290 ° C (decomposition), 263.0 ° C (53.2kPa), 240.0 ° C (26.6kPa) 167.2 ° C (1.33kPa.Conclusion) 153.8 ° C (0.665kPa), 125.5 ° C ( 0.05), flash point (open cup) 177 ° C and relative density of 1.26362 (20/20 ° C), 392.8 points spontaneous ° C 1.4746 refractive index, viscosity (20 ° C) 1499mPa s, vapor pressure (100 C) 26Pa, surface tension (20 ° C) 63.4mN / m.
glycerin with water and ethanol compatibility, neutral aqueous solution. 1 glycerol can be dissolved in 500 ether or ethyl acetate were 11. Insoluble benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oils. From the air to absorb moisture, but also can absorb hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen cyanide. Odorless. Outside pure glycerine at 0 ° C at low temperature, can be a melting point of 17.8 ° C in the shiny side ramps crystals, with small amounts of water prevents crystallization.
different concentrations (weight%) of the glycerol solution to the freezing point : 10%, -1.6 ° C; 30%, -9.5 ° C; 50%, 23.0 ° C; 66.7% -46.5 ° C; 80% -20.3 ° C; 90%, -1.6 ° C In nature, glycerol mainly in the form of glycerides widespread in the body of animals and plants.
production methods : glycerol industrial production methods can be divided into two categories : natural oils as raw material, commonly known as glycerol from natural glycerin; In propylene raw materials synthesis, commonly known as the synthesis of glycerol from glycerol.
1. Natural glycerin production before 1984, all from glycerine soap plant and animal fat product in the recovery. Until now, natural oils glycerol production at the main material foundation of about 42% of the natural glycerin soap made deputy in the middle, 58% derived from the fatty acid production. Soap Oil Industry saponification.
saponification reaction products divided into two tiers : the top is the main fatty acid containing sodium (soap) and a small amount of triglycerides and lower levels of waste lye to contain salts, glycerine dilute sodium hydroxide solution, the general containing 9-16% glycerol , inorganic salt 8-20%. Oil reaction. Hydrolysis of the oil glycerin water (also called sweet water), glycerin soap content than waste high, about 14-20% inorganic 0-0.2%.
in recent years has been commonly used for high-pressure hydrolysis method, the non-use of catalyst, sweet water from a general non-inorganic acid purification methods than waste lye simple. Both Soap waste, or the fat hydrolysis glycerol concentrations of glycerol volume is not very high, and contains various impurities, natural glycerine production process including purification, glycerol concentration to be rough and crude distillation glycerol, bleaching, deodorization the refining process. Some of the books in the process are described in detail.
2. The synthesis of glycerol production from the synthesis of glycerol propylene multiple channels into two major categories, namely chlorination and oxidation. Now industry is the use of propylene and propylene chlorination occasional acid oxidation.
(1) This Act propylene chloride synthesis of glycerol is the most important methods of production, and it includes four steps that acrylamide high temperature chloride, allyl chloride hypochlorous, dichloro-propanol saponification and epichlorohydrin hydrolysis. Epichlorohydrin hydrolysis system glycerol in 150 ° C, under pressure from 1.37MPa carbon dioxide, 10% hydrogen peroxide and 1% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, production of glycerol content 5-20% of the glycerol-containing aqueous solution of sodium chloride, concentrated, desalination, distillation, in the purity of over 98% glycerol.
(2) Propylene peroxyacetic acid and propylene oxidation role than acid synthesis propylene oxide, propylene oxide heterogeneous into ene-propanol. With the latter too acid produced by the reaction of Glycidol (glycidyl), the final hydrolysis of triglycerides.
off acid production does not need reminders agent, acetaldehyde oxidation and oxygen gas, the pressure ,150-160 ° C, the contact time under the conditions of 24s, acetaldehyde conversion rate of 11%, over 83% acetic acid selectivity. After these two steps in response to the special structural response for continuous distillation. Raw materials contain allyl alcohol and over the ethyl acetate solution into the tower, the control tower Kettle 60-70 ° C, 13-RS. Tower steamed ethyl acetate solvent and water tower to Kettle in glycerol solution. This method selectivity and yield were higher than used for acid oxidation catalyst, no, faster response to simplify the process.
glycerol production 1t 1.001t allyl alcohol consumption, too 1.184t acid, acetic acid, vice-0.947t.
present, natural and synthetic glycerin glycerol production to almost 50-50%, while propylene chlorination about Hopewell-glycerol yield of 80%. My natural glycerin accounted for more than 90% of total output.
purposes : glycerol is important basic organic materials, in industry, medicine and everyday life uses very wide, there are currently some 1,700 multi-purpose, mainly for medicine, cosmetics, Alkyd resins, tobacco, food, drink acid resins, 1,10-lu and explosives, textile dyeing and so on. Alkyd resins, and 1,10-lu explosives Coombe areas of fuel consumption decline. But in medicine, cosmetics, food applications will continue to grow.
China a few years ago glycerine consumption of coatings 35.7%, 32.6% toothpaste, cosmetics 4.8%, 6% cigarettes, pharmaceuticals 5.9%, polyether 4. 8%, other 10.2%. The manufacturers of drugs and cosmetics, glycerine for the Preparation of various agents, solvents, moisture agent, antifreeze, sweeteners, and widely used.
glycerol with the nitroaniline cyclization, is available on inter-6-nitro - quinoline. With glycerol stearate of the hard-ester is a excipient for the hydrophilic ointment matrix.
glycerol reaction by the elimination of acrolein has used in the production of methionine and glutaraldehyde.
to glycerol phosphate and manufacture of the glycerol phosphate potassium, sodium glycerol, glycerin calcium phosphate are used as nutritional medicine. Glycerol a chlorinated intermediates available chlorine propylene glycol for C theophylline and hydroxy Guaiacol glycerol ether production.
participation of glycerol and hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-3 ,5-dimethoxy-phenyl ketone ashamed of cyclization, condensation, and be expectorant cough medicine Rhododend. Glycerol and acetone condensation formation of 1,2-mesityl glycerol ether. For increased leukemia drug batiol manufacturing. Glycerine nitrification be three nitrate glyceride, vasodilator nitroglycerin.
glycerol and 2,5-diamino - anisole Kraft cyclization, available intermediates 6-methoxy-4 ,7-diaza Philippines. Glycerol is also on tenor standard 6-methoxy-7-nitro - quinoline raw materials. Above from glycerol and aromatic primary amine been several quinoline derivatives, sa
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